* Data on food prices, to be able to estimate if a household is buying enough calories. I last updated prices on 25th August 2009. * More prices are given in spreadsheet 'Local Currency Units to PPP.xls', created by John Simister. * NOTE: * I use milk (rather than cheese) to represent 'dairy products', in sp_dairy; * I use onion (rather than carrot) to represent 'vegetables', in sp_veget. * I use chicken (rather than beef) to represent 'meat', in sp_meat. * I ignore calories from other sources - such as from 'other' spending, sp_other. *. * NB: rice etc prices are available for most Kenyan households, for each item below; should I use them?. * The cereal etc prices below just give a rough guide - they're from different sources. if (survey='1992 India') pr_cerea= 5.50 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_veget= 3.50 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_oil = 41.00 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_dairy = 8.50 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_bread= 7.25 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_meatF= 26.24 . if (survey='1992 India') pr_mSnak= 91.08 . *. if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_cerea= 1.13 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_veget= 0.58 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_oil = 0.86 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_dairy = 0.59 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_bread= 1.38 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_meatF= 0.99 . if (survey='1994 Brazil') pr_mSnak= 6.87 . *. if (survey='1997 India') pr_cerea= 8.33 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_veget= 5.30 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_oil = 62.07 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_dairy = 12.87 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_bread= 9.81 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_meatF= 39.72 . if (survey='1997 India') pr_mSnak= 137.89 . *. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_cerea= 2.98. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_veget= 3.50. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_oil = 3.80. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_dairy = 2.59. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_bread= 2.86. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_meatF= 8.00. if (survey='2000 S. Africa') pr_mSnak= 20.00. *. if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_cerea=2499.50 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_veget=2161.91 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_oil =4650.00 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_dairy =7926.99 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_bread=7107.14 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_meatF=11250.00 . if (survey='2001 Indonesia') pr_mSnak=49465.48 . *. if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_cerea=2601.35 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_veget=2250.00 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_oil =4839.48 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_dairy =8250.00 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_bread=7396.75 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_meatF=11708.42 . if (survey='2002 Indonesia') pr_mSnak=51481.13 . *. if (survey='2002 India') pr_cerea= 11.19 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_veget= 5.80 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_oil = 55.96 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_dairy = 19.03 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_bread= 11.25 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_meatF= 58.73 . if (survey='2002 India') pr_mSnak= 172.00 . *. if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_cerea= 73.45 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_veget= 84.20 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_oil = 201.87 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_dairy = 327.70 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_bread= 137.76 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_meatF= 257.64 . if (survey='2003 Nigeria') pr_mSnak= 150.00 . *. if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_cerea= 45.77 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_veget= 12.16 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_oil = 105.66 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_dairy = 28.62 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_bread= 27.76 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_meatF= 140.32 . if (survey='2004 Kenya') pr_mSnak= 150.00 . *. if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_cerea= 93.62 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_veget= 65.16 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_oil = 142.74 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_dairy = 366.41 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_bread= 164.85 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_meatF= 294.56 . if (survey='2005 Nigeria') pr_mSnak= 213.08 . *. if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_cerea= 2.75 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_veget= 1.63 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_oil = 6.42 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_dairy = 3.13 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_bread= 4.00 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_meatF= 9.38 . if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') pr_mSnak= 3.75 . *. if (survey='2007 India') pr_cerea= 13.15 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_veget= 7.63 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_oil = 62.75 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_dairy = 23.59 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_bread= 12.06 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_meatF= 72.82 . if (survey='2007 India') pr_mSnak= 63.00 . *. if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_cerea= 973.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_veget=1172.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_oil =1150.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_dairy = 250.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_bread= 625.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_meatF= 780.00 . if (survey='2008 Chad') pr_mSnak= 586.00 . *. if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_cerea= 380.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_veget= 240.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_oil =1258.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_dairy =1280.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_bread= 750.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_meatF=1500.00 . if (survey='2009 Cameroon') pr_mSnak= 586.00 . * The next adjustment controls for different prices in various parts of Nigeria (INT_year=2003 or 2005). if (liveCnty='NG 9') PPPregio = 1.06 . if (liveCnty='NG27') PPPregio = 1.00 . if (liveCnty='NG28') PPPregio = 1.04 . if (liveCnty='NG10') PPPregio = 1.07 . if (liveCnty='NG11') PPPregio = 1.01 . if (liveCnty='NG29') PPPregio = 0.93 . if (liveCnty='NG30') PPPregio = 0.95 . if (liveCnty='NG31') PPPregio = 0.96 . if (liveCnty='NG12') PPPregio = 1.09 . if (liveCnty='NG13') PPPregio = 1.14 . if (liveCnty='NG 5') PPPregio = 1.05 . if (liveCnty='NG14') PPPregio = 1.01 . if (liveCnty='NG15') PPPregio = 1.11 . if (liveCnty='NG32') PPPregio = 0.93 . if (liveCnty='NG19') PPPregio = 0.95 . if (liveCnty='NG20') PPPregio = 0.90 . if (liveCnty='NG21') PPPregio = 0.99 . if (liveCnty='NG22') PPPregio = 1.01 . if (liveCnty='NG23') PPPregio = 1.01 . if (liveCnty='NG 7') PPPregio = 0.89 . if (liveCnty='NG 1') PPPregio = 0.97 . if (liveCnty='NG24') PPPregio = 0.96 . if (liveCnty='NG 2') PPPregio = 0.94 . if (liveCnty='NG 3') PPPregio = 0.96 . if (liveCnty='NG 4') PPPregio = 0.90 . if (liveCnty='NG 8') PPPregio = 1.14 . if (liveCnty='NG33') PPPregio = 1.00 . if (liveCnty='NG16') PPPregio = 1.22 . if (liveCnty='NG25') PPPregio = 0.92 . if (liveCnty='NG34') PPPregio = 0.96 . if (liveCnty='NG35') PPPregio = 0.94 . if (liveCnty='NG17') PPPregio = 1.18 . if (liveCnty='NG 6') PPPregio = 0.90 . if (liveCnty='NG18') PPPregio = 0.95 . if (liveCnty='NG37') PPPregio = 0.97 . if (liveCnty='NG36') PPPregio = 0.91 . if (liveCnty='NG26') PPPregio = 1.08 . *. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_cerea >0) pr_cerea =pr_cerea * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_veget >0) pr_veget =pr_veget * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_oil >0) pr_oil =pr_oil * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_dairy >0) pr_dairy =pr_dairy * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_bread >0) pr_bread =pr_bread * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_meatF >0) pr_meatf =pr_meatf * PPPregio. if (liveCtry='NG' & pr_mSnak >0) pr_mSnak =pr_mSnak * PPPregio. * Work out number of calories per day bought by each hh, from Calories per lb in World Bank website: www.worldbank.org/html/prdph/lsms/country/pan97/docs/poveng.pdf, downloaded 15th November 2003: p.5. * The above document now seems to be saved at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLSMS/Resources/3358986-1181743055198/3877319-1181911180171/poveng.pdf on 26th June 2010. But no protein data. * [ convert ] [ Kg bought ] [calories per Kg; ] * ca_ is short [ monthly ] [ ] [ (note there are ] * for calories [ to daily ] [ ] [ 2.2 pounds/Kg) ]. *if (sp_cerea >-1) ca_cerea = (12/365) * (sp_cerea / pr_cerea) * (2.2 * 1634 ). *if (sp_veget >-1) ca_veget = (12/365) * (sp_veget / pr_veget) * (2.2 * 100 ). *if (sp_bread >-1) ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_bread / pr_bread) * (2.2 * 1279 ). *if (survey='1994 Brazil') ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_br_mi / pr_bread) * (2.2 * 1279 ). *if (survey='2002 India' & sp_oilbr>-1) ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_oilBr / pr_bread) * (2.2 * 1279 ). *if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_cereB / pr_bread) * (2.2 * 1279 ). *if (sp_oil >-1) ca_oil = (12/365) * (sp_oil / pr_oil ) * (2.2 * 4013 ). *if (sp_dairy >-1) ca_dairy = (12/365) * (sp_dairy / pr_dairy) * (2.2 * 261 ). *if (sp_meatF >-1) ca_meatF = (12/365) * (sp_meatF / pr_meatF) * (2.2 * 625 ). *if (sp_mSnak>-1) ca_mSnak= (12/365) * (sp_mSnak / pr_mSnak)* (470+292). * Last line uses calories in McDonalds burger+fries, downloaded Dec2003: www.mcdonaldsindia.com/calchart. * * Alternative version, based on 'nutrient values of some common foods.pdf': . if (sp_cerea >-1) ca_cerea = (12/365) * (sp_cerea / pr_cerea) * ( 115 / .103 ). /* "Rice, brown, long-grain, cooked". if (sp_cerea >-1) Procerea = (12/365) * (sp_cerea / pr_cerea) * ( 3 / .103 ). /* "Rice, brown, long-grain, cooked". if (sp_veget >-1) ca_veget = (12/365) * (sp_veget / pr_veget) * ( 129 / .150 ). /* "Potato, boiled, flesh and skin". if (sp_veget >-1) Proveget = (12/365) * (sp_veget / pr_veget) * ( 3 / .150 ). /* "Potato, boiled, flesh and skin". if (sp_bread >-1) ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_bread / pr_bread) * ( 93 / .035 ). /* "Bread, white, commercial". if (sp_bread >-1) Probread = (12/365) * (sp_bread / pr_bread) * ( 3 / .035 ). /* "Bread, white, commercial". if (survey='1994 Brazil') ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_br_mi / pr_bread) * ( 93 / .035 ). if (survey='1994 Brazil') Probread = (12/365) * (sp_br_mi / pr_bread) * ( 3 / .035 ). if (survey='2002 India' & sp_oilbr>-1) ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_oilBr / pr_bread) * ( 93 / .035 ). if (survey='2002 India' & sp_oilbr>-1) Probread = (12/365) * (sp_oilBr / pr_bread) * ( 3 / .035 ). if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') ca_bread = (12/365) * (sp_cereB / pr_bread) * ( 93 / .035 ). if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') Probread = (12/365) * (sp_cereB / pr_bread) * ( 3 / .035 ). if (sp_oil >-1) ca_oil = (12/365) * (sp_oil / pr_oil ) * ( 122 / .014). /* "Oils: Sunflower". if (sp_oil >-1) Prooil = (12/365) * (sp_oil / pr_oil ) * ( 0 / .014). /* "Oils: Sunflower". if (sp_dairy >-1) ca_dairy = (12/365) * (sp_dairy / pr_dairy) * ( 155 / .258 ). /* "Milk, whole, 3.3% M.F.". if (sp_dairy >-1) Prodairy = (12/365) * (sp_dairy / pr_dairy) * ( 8 / .258 ). /* "Milk, whole, 3.3% M.F.". if (sp_meatF >-1) ca_meatF = (12/365) * (sp_meatF / pr_meatF) * ( 153 / .075). /* "Chicken, ground, lean, cooked". if (sp_meatF >-1) PromeatF = (12/365) * (sp_meatF / pr_meatF) * ( 16 / .075). /* "Chicken, ground, lean, cooked". if (sp_mSnak>-1) ca_mSnak= (12/365) * (sp_mSnak / pr_mSnak)* ( 319 ). /* "Cheeseburger, single patty, plain". if (sp_mSnak>-1) PromSnak= (12/365) * (sp_mSnak / pr_mSnak)* ( 15 ). /* "Cheeseburger, single patty, plain". * Could add more spending categories to the above list (e.g. sp_fruit, sp_insta). * Deal with inconsistencies between surveys (e.g. spending on dairy products wasn't asked in Nigeria - it's above): . if (survey='1994 Brazil' or survey='2003 Nigeria' or survey='2005 Nigeria' or survey='2008 Chad' or survey='2009 Cameroon') ca_dairy = 0. if (survey='1994 Brazil' or survey='2000 S. Africa' or survey='2002 India') ca_oil = 0. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_bread = 0. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_mSnak = 0. if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') ca_cerea = 0. if (survey='1994 Brazil' or survey='2003 Nigeria' or survey='2005 Nigeria' or survey='2008 Chad' or survey='2009 Cameroon') Prodairy = 0. if (survey='1994 Brazil' or survey='2000 S. Africa' or survey='2002 India') Prooil = 0. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Probread = 0. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') PromSnak = 0. if (survey='2005-6 Egypt') Procerea = 0. * For Indonesia, could estimate calories more accurately (e.g. calculate calories of fish & meat separately). * To give a clear comparison, calculate calories per person (e.g. I seem to recall there are more adults per hhold in LSMS than in the other surveys). *compute ca_total = ca_cerea+ca_veget+ca_bread+ca_oil+ca_dairy+ca_meatf +ca_mSnak. *breakd ca_cerea ca_veget ca_bread ca_oil ca_dairy ca_meatf ca_mSnak by survey/cells mean. * Problem 1: above line shows Indonesia consume about 10% of calories in other countries; I think it's caused by the * prices I use, which I collected in Jakarta (i.e. the capital, which is more expensive than rest of Indonesia). * Solution: don't use ID data for ca_ variables. Could remove the next 8 lines, if I get better prices data for Indonesia. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_cerea = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_veget = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_bread = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_oil = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_dairy = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_meatF = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') ca_mSnak = -99. recode ca_cerea ca_veget ca_bread ca_oil ca_dairy ca_meatf ca_mSnak ( -99 = sysmis). if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Procerea = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Proveget = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Probread = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Prooil = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') Prodairy = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') PromeatF = -99. if (survey='2001 Indonesia' or survey='2002 Indonesia') PromSnak = -99. recode Procerea Proveget Probread Prooil Prodairy Promeatf PromSnak ( -99 = sysmis). * Problem 2: there's much missing data for ca_mSnak (especially Brazil), and it affects data: compare breakd caRtotal above & below. * Solution: Exclude calories from restaurant meals & snack (they're only about 1% of total calories, anyway). *compute ca_total = ca_cerea+ca_veget+ca_bread+ca_oil+ca_dairy+ca_meatf+ca_mSnak. /* Including ca_dairy and also ca_mSnak. compute ca_total = ca_cerea+ca_veget+ca_bread+ca_oil+ca_dairy+ca_meatf. /* Including ca_dairy, but not ca_mSnak. compute Prototal = Procerea+Proveget+Probread+Prooil+Prodairy+Promeatf. /* Including ca_dairy, but not ca_mSnak. var label ca_total 'Calories purchased: estimate based on household food spending'. var label Prototal 'Protein purchased: estimate based on household food spending'. * * Note: I assume above that all dairy spending is on milk; but I guess other types of dairy products (e.g. 'lassi', i.e. yoghurt) are less * efficient ways to buy calories (i.e. fewer calories per Rupee or other currency). Also, many adults (not just in India) can't digest milk. * Could ignore calories from dairy products, and assume all calories come from other sources (e.g. cereals). compute prRtotal = (Prototal / Prorequi) *100. /* %. compute caRtotal = (ca_total / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRcerea = (ca_cerea / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRveget = (ca_veget / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRbread = (ca_bread / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRoil = (ca_oil / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRdairy = (ca_dairy / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRmeatF = (ca_meatF / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *compute caRmSnak = (ca_mSnak / ca_requi) *100. /* %. *breakd caRtotal caRcerea caRveget caRbread caRoil caRdairy caRmeatf caRmSnak by liveCtry by survey/cells mean. *breakd caRtotal by skipMeal by survey. /* In India 2007, get over 100% of calories even if 'almost every month'; seems to be an error. formats ca_cerea ca_veget ca_bread ca_oil ca_dairy ca_meatf ca_total ca_requi caRtotal (f4.0). formats Procerea Proveget Probread Prooil Prodairy Promeatf Prototal Prorequi prRtotal (f4.0). * Next 2 lines show a dramatic difference between WAS surveys and data on web (UNstats, etc). I can't see a mistake. *compute zzzCalPC = ca_total/n_people. *breakd zzzCalPC by survey. * Could call a household 'underfed' if it buys (e.g.) 80% of needs: some calorie sources aren't in above calculation (e.g. fruit), so underFed overstates a nutrition problem. * There is no way to know if each household member gets a fair share of his/her household's food - so variable 'underFed' tends to understate the undernutrition problem. *compute underFed = ( ca_total / ca_requi ). *recode underFed (1.00 thru hi= 0)(0 thru 1.00 = 1). /*one version: hungry if buy under 100% of needs. **recode underFed (0.80 thru hi= 0)(0 thru 0.80 = 1). /* Alternative: hungry if buy under 80% of needs. *var lab underFed "Does the household buy enough food to meet calorie needs?". *val lab underFed 0'Short of calories' 1 'Sufficient calories'. *breakd underFed.